Sonographic Assessment and Incidence of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome in Women with Infertility in Abakpa Metropolis, Enugu, Nigeria
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.71007/e1j4s804Keywords:
incidence, infertility, metropolis, polycystic ovarian syndromeAbstract
Introduction: Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a hormonal disorder that develops after puberty in women within the age of reproduction. It is one of the leading causes of infertility in women all over the world and a common endocrine disorder in females, generally seen in women of reproductive age. Risk factors for PCOS include genetic factors, insulin resistance, obesity, and hormonal imbalance.
Aims: The study aims to determine the incidence of PCOS among women presenting for ultrasound with a clinical diagnosis of primary or secondary infertility within Abakpa metropolis.
Methods: This is a retrospective study of 100 infertility cases collected across two diagnostic centres within Abakpa metropolis. The study was carried out between the months of July 2021 and July 2023.
Results: Out of the 100 infertility cases identified in these diagnostic centres, 46 of them indicated primary infertility, 47 of indicated secondary infertility and 6 of them were uncertain. Among the 100 cases that were reported to these centres as a result of infertility, 31 (31% of them) were diagnosed with PCOS. It is therefore noted that PCOS has had an incidence of 31% among women with infertility in Abakpa metropolis in the last 2 years. Ovarian cysts showed the most common association with PCOS. Other common associations include fibroids, pelvic inflammatory disease, endometrial mass, anovulation, amenorrhoea and cervical cyst, oophoritis and myometrial lesions.
Conclusions: Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome has been identified as one of the major pathologies associated with infertility in women. In this research, PCOS was found among majority of women who made up number of reported infertility cases. PCOS was also associated with several comorbidities that were diagnosed using ultrasound. From this study, the most common comorbidity among women with PCOS is ovarian cysts at 47% while the myometrial lesion is the least with 1%.
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